Headstock
Also known as the headboard, its main task is to pass the rotary motion from the main motor through a series of shifting mechanisms to make the spindle get the required rotation speed of the two types of forward and reverse, and the spindle box to split part of the power will be transmitted. Give the feed box. The spindle in the headstock is a key part of the lathe. The smoothness of the spindle running on the bearing directly affects the machining quality of the workpiece. Once the rotation accuracy of the spindle is reduced, the use value of the machine tool is reduced.

Feed box
Also known as the cutter box, the feed box is equipped with a shifting mechanism for the feed motion, and the shifting mechanism is adjusted to obtain the required feed amount or pitch, and the motion is transmitted to the tool holder through the light bar or the lead screw for cutting. .

Screw and light bar
It is used to connect the feed box and the slide box, and transfer the movement and power of the feed box to the slide box, so that the slide box can obtain longitudinal linear motion. The lead screw is specially designed for turning various threads. When turning other surfaces of the workpiece, only the light bar is used, and no screw is used. Students should combine the contents of the slide box to distinguish the difference between the light bar and the lead screw.

Slide box
It is a control box for the feeding motion of the lathe, and has a mechanism for changing the rotary motion of the light bar and the screw into a linear motion of the tool holder, and realizes the longitudinal feed motion, the lateral feed motion and the fast movement of the tool holder through the light bar transmission. The tool holder is driven by the lead screw for longitudinal linear motion to turn the thread.

Tool holder
There are two layers of skateboards (medium and small skateboards), a saddle and a knife body. It is used to install the turning tool and drive the turning tool for longitudinal, lateral or oblique movement.

Tailstock
Installed on the bed rail and moved longitudinally along the rail to adjust its working position. The tailstock is mainly used to install the rear tip to support longer workpieces, as well as drills, reapers, etc. for hole machining.

bed frame
It is a large basic component of a lathe with a highly accurate guide rail (mountain rail and flat rail). It is used to support and connect the various components of the lathe and to ensure that the components have an accurate relative position during operation.

Cooling device
The cooling device mainly pressurizes the cutting fluid in the water tank by the cooling water pump and then sprays it into the cutting area, reduces the cutting temperature, washes away the chips, and lubricates the machining surface to improve the tool life and the surface quality of the workpiece.